Old Earth, Or Progressive Creationism - 1966 Words

Another position is old earth, or progressive creationism, which does share some similarities with theistic evolution - primarily, that it places the age of the earth at 4-5 billion years ago and the universe at 10-20 billion years ago. However, old earth creationists are not satisfied with the claim that God-guided evolution brought the world into existence, eventually arriving at the world we live in today. Robert C. Newman, an astrophysicist and New Testament professor, acknowledges that it would be possible for God to use evolution as a creative tool, just as it is possible that God created solely through supernatural means. However, he thinks that there are too many unanswered questions left for both positions. It is from this conviction that Newman places himself in the progressive creationist camp. This view is named so on account of the fact that it sees creation as occurring in a progression with various levels which were built upon one another, using a combination of supernatural intervention and providential guidance to harmonize the histories found in both the biblical account of Genesis and the scientific account we find in nature. Newman is quick to point out that there are quite a few variations of the old earth creationist position. Of these, however, he finds three main varieties, which differ primarily in their views on the nature of the days of the creation week. These three categories are: (1) The day-age view. As implied by the title, this viewShow MoreRelatedOld Earth, Or Progressive Creationism1942 Words   |  8 PagesOld earth, or progressive creationism shares similarities with theistic evolution in that it places the age of the earth at 4-5 billion years ago and the universe at 10-20 billion years ago. However, they are not satisfied with the claim that God-guided evolution brought the world into existence, eventually arriving at the world we live in today. Robert C. Newman, an astrophysicist and New Testament professor acknowledges that it would be possible for God to use evolution as a creation tool, justRead MoreCreationism : Creationism And Creationism1193 Words   |  5 Pagesworld there ar e arguments on what is right and wrong when it comes to creationism. There are different ways to look at creationism. There’s young earth creationism, old earth creationism, intelligent design, and theistic creationism. The first known use of creationism was in 1880. In a washington post poll studies found that 58% of Americans believe in creationism, while 42% believe in evolution. Different types of creationism can have different effects on society today. It divides society onRead MoreThe Evolution Of Young Earth Creationism1698 Words   |  7 PagesYoung earth creationism is what most people mean when referring to â€Å"creationism.† This is primarily due to the fact that the creationists most visible in the public eye during the creation-evolution debate were most likely to hold young earth creationist views. Additionally, the terms â€Å"recent earth† or â€Å"recent creation† have been used to refer to this same position. These terms clearly d efine their position as one in which the creation of the world occurred somewhat recently, that is, the world isRead MoreCreationism vs. Darwinism: A Comparative Analysis1530 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Creationism vs. Darwinism Abstract An analysis of creationism, and its various forms, is undertaken in order to determine basis for creationist beliefs. Additionally, Darwinism is explored and the differences between Creationism and Darwinism are analyzed. Despite overwhelming evidence that supports the existence and validity of Darwinism, there are still arguments made that attempt to discredit evolution. The battle between Creationists and Darwinists extends beyond science and religion and hasRead MoreThe Debate Between Evolution and Creationism1648 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween creationism vs. evolution consist of, the thought that it is ‘â€Å"God did it† vs. â€Å"Natural processes did it,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Scott, 2004) may arise. Science cannot absolutely prove or disprove Creation or Evolution. Yet scientist and the remainder of society use creationism and evolution to prove our existence. Creationist believe in the Christian account of the origin as recorded in Genesis. Creationism is the belief t hat statements such as â€Å"In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth† (NIV) foundRead More Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead MoreThe And Evolution Between Creationism And Creationism1023 Words   |  5 Pageswith the opportunity to make their own decisions? According to the laws and court decisions as of today, it is highly unlikely that Creationism will be granted equal time in the biology classroom any time soon. The Ohio standards for science include evolution as a core component mandating that biology teachers incorporate natural selection and the history of life on earth as part of the curriculum. One strategy, presented by the National Center for Science Education is teaching the information and theRead MoreThe Myth Of The Earth2163 Words   |  9 PagesScientists have found that the Earth was formed about 4.6 billion years ago by collisions in the giant disc-shaped cloud of material that also formed the Sun. As gravity slowly gathered this gas and dust together into clumps, it became asteroids and small early planets called planetesimals. These objects collided repeatedly and gradually got bigger, building up the planets in the Solar System. Although scientists are very close to answering the question, they still continue to search for the exactRead MoreThe Debate Between Creation And Evolution2145 Words   |  9 Pagesyoung earth creationism simply because theistic evolution is not a viable option. Still more present young earth creationism as a naive understanding of both the Bible and science. However, since each position has evidence in support of it and against it, it is in no way true that any of them present us with an undeniable position of definite accuracy. Furthermore, the idea that there is only a choice between creation and evolution is false. Indeed, there are more positions than even creationism andRead MoreThe Effects Of Clinical Depression On An Individual s Dreaming1485 Words   |  6 Pagesbe discussing the Creation versus Evolution debate. The creation–evolution controversy (also termed the creation vs.evolution debate or the origins debate) involves a recurring cultural, political, and theological dispute about the origins of the Earth, of humanity, and of other life. Prior to 1925, Creation Science was the dominant belief system before the rise of geology in the late 18th century. Early European scientists, from Copernicus to Galileo to Newton believed (as did almost all Christians

Tale Of Two Cities And Justice Essay Example For Students

Tale Of Two Cities And Justice Essay Justice versus injustice, a battle fought since the time of man. Dickens mostvaluable message in A Tale of Two Cities is that justice will always triumphover injustice. Justice and injustice play a big part in the book. In Darnaysmany trials he has each time gotten away from his prosecutors because of helpfrom friends and family. In his first trial his uncle, the Marquis, tries toimprison him for treason, but with the help of Carton he is let free. The secondtrial was a bit more complex, he is captured by the DeFarges, who dont plan ongiving him a fair trial. They wanted to do him a great injustice by putting himto death for a law they had made up. The persuasive Dr. Menette reasoned withthe jury, so that they would let him off. Of course it is not always this easy. It was very rare in those days that someone would be let off. The jury neverusually took more than a few seconds to decide if the accused shall be put todeath or not. Jail was no longer a matter after the revolution. The guillotinewas saving them a great deal of time. People went to jail for only a littlewhile, the trial was short and death even shorter. The third trial of Darnay notfilled with much justice. He was released from jail and not long after, he gotpicked up again and back to jail he went, where this trial went quickly and hewas sentenced to death. Even with this injustice that was given to Darnay, aneven stronger justice was handed to him by a friend. Sydney Carton literallygave him life. The day before Charles was to be sent to the guillotine Sydneyexchanged places with him, since they looked so much alike nobody could tell thedifference. I dont think his messages apply much in todays world. In todayssociety things like that are not done. Cases could take years just to g et to thecourt and the trial could even last years. People today get away with murder,robberies, and other federal offences. You cant always have justice, it wontalways triumph over injustice. A person cant possibly think it is right when ayoung child gets murdered and the killer cant be convicted. But things likethose happen in the world we live in today.

The lion the witch and the wardrobe Essay Example For Students

The lion the witch and the wardrobe Essay The Lion, The Witch, and The Wardrobe The main characters in this story are Peter, Susan, Edmund, and Lucy. During a war in London they were sent to a professors house outside London. Lucy, while exploring with her brothers and sister, found a secret passage through the wardrobe to Naria,a secret world. In Naria there are other characters. One of them is the White Witch,also known as the Queen of Naria, who was like a tyrant. If anyone disobeyed her she turned them to stone. Another character Aslan, a lion, saved Naria from the rule of the White Witch. Most of this story takes place in Naria. The main conflict is how Naria can live under the rule of the White Witch. The Beavers set out to take Peter, Susan, and Lucy (not Edmund because he went to the witch ) to the four thrones so they ( four children united ) can rule over Naria and destroy the witch. The Beavers and the three children were walking in the snow because there it was always winter. Although it was always winter Christm as never arrived. After they awoke the next day they saw Father Christmas who gave them gifts.Mrs. Beaver received a new sewing machine. Mr. Beavers dam was fixed and finished. Peter was given a shield and sword. Susan received a bow, arrows, and a horn. Lucys gift was a bottle of healing juice and a dagger. that was the climax of the book because the spell of the White Witch was fading. Then they met up with Aslan and he freed all the stone figures and made them his army. The resolution of the book is when Aslans army and the witches army confront and Aslans army wins. Peter kills the witch at the end of the battle. The impression I got from this book is that Naria is a land of surprises and Im excited that this years assignment will allow me to read more of The Chronicles of Naria . I liked this book because of the surprising events like when Aslan died then came back to life. I would recommend this book to someone more or less at my reading level because I found this book neith er difficult nor easy and simple. Bibliography: We will write a custom essay on The lion the witch and the wardrobe specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay Example

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay Example Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay Generally Accepted Accounting Principles Essay If the instrument is classified as debt, the annual payments are classified as interest expense, which reduces earnings, and the redemption premium is corded as a loss on retirement, also reducing earnings. (If the $6,000 excess of retirement price over par were contracted in advance, it would be accrued over the life of the liability). If the financial instrument were equity, both items would reduce retained earnings directly, by-passing earnings. 5. Retractable preferred shares are preferred shares that must be paid back with cash at a specific time, or paid in cash at the option of the shareholder. Because the agreement to pay out the redemption price is legally enforceable, such shares are classified as debt. 6. The principal of convertible debt is classified as equity if it is mandatory convertible into a fixed number of shares. The portion related to annual interest is an unavoidable cash obligation of the company and must be classified as a liability. Thus, the security is compound financial instrument. If the convertible debt is convertible at the investors option, the initial proceeds are divided between the debt element (both principal and interest) and the equity element, the conversion option. 7. If a convertible bond has a conversion price that is set in reference to the air market value of shares on the conversion date, then the bond is classified entirely as debt. No (price) risk or reward is transferred to the investor and therefore there is no equity element. 8. When a convertible bond is converted, the common share conversion option account is transferred into the common stock account. If the bond is not converted, this account is still left in equity, but transferred to a different contributed capital account. 9. Interest expense, $76,400 x . 08 = $6,112 Annual payment, $400,000 x . 08 = $32,000 10. : Stock options provide the holder with an option to acquire a specified umber of shares in a corporation under prescribed conditions and within a stated future time period. Options that are issued as an attachment to other securities are called stock warrants. Warrants may trade separately while options do not. Options often have a limited life while warrants often have no expiry date. 1 1 . A share-based payment to a supplier is measured based on the fair value of the goods or services rendered. In the rare circumstances that these cannot be valued, then the fair value of the rights is used to measure the transaction. 12. If stock rights are recognized on issuance, the stock rights account is rendered into the common stock account on exercise and into a different contributed capital account if options are allowed to lapse. This is identical to the treatment given to the common share conversion option account for convertible bonds. 13. A share-based compensation contract would result in recognition of an equity account if the contract is share-settled, or required issuance of shares. The contract would result in recognition of a liability element if the contract was cash-settled, meaning that compensation is required to be paid in cash. An equity-settled plan is trued up only to the retention rate; he fair value is estimated on initial grant date and is not adjusted to the value that employees receive. 17. A Sara program involves a payment to the employee at the settlement date. The value paid is equal to the fair value of the shares on the payment date, less some reference price, which is usually the fair value of the shares when the Sara were granted. That is, the employee receives a payment (cash or shares) equal to the appreciation in stock price over the life of the Sara. 18. A derivative is an exchange contract meant to transfer risk. It is a secondary financial instrument whose value is linked to a primary financial instrument, an index, or a commodity. Derivatives are options, futures or forward contracts, or a combination of these. Derivatives embody an exchange of financial instruments at fixed terms. A hedge is a way to offset risk to which the company would otherwise be exposed. For an item to be a hedge, the company must first have risk in an area, and then put a hedge in place to counter the risk. That is, a loss on a primary instrument will offset a gain on a hedge instrument. 9. The company could hedge against the risk of exchange fluctuations by entering into a forward exchange contract with a bank to deliver US dollars. The price to be paid would be set by the terms of the contract, and would not fluctuate. The contract would be recorded at cost, and revalued to fair market value annually. Changes in market value of BOTH the transaction balance and the hedge would be reported as gains/losses in earning s and offset. 20. Disclosure for financial instruments is required in the following general categories [per text listing]: 1 . The important components of each financial statement category; e. G. , various loans. 2. Information related to fair value for liabilities. Methods used to assess fair value must be explained. When a financial instrument has been valued at fair value, detail about the change in fair value is required. 3. Information related to the legal terms of the financial instrument, including maturity dates, interest rates, collateral, etc. 4. Various revenue and expense amounts and OIC reserve amounts must be disclosed separately, including interest expense, changes in equity reserve accounts, etc. . Information on exposure to various sources Of risk, as appropriate. Risks might include credit, risk, liquidity risk and market risk. Objectives, policies, and processes or managing risk must be disclosed. Such disclosure is extensive, and includes both qualitative and quantitative elements. 6. Accounting policy information is required as a matter of course for all financial statement elements. Ext ensive disclosure is required to describe the terms of the financial instrument. 15-AI to 15-AAA Financial restructuring; material posted on Connect. 1 . A financial restructuring happens when a company that is in legal violation of debt agreements is financially reorganized and allowed to continue operating, rather than be placed in receivership or bankruptcy. Restructuring an involve a financial reorganization (substantial realignment of debt and equity) or a troubled debt restructuring (lenders settle for less). 2. Financial restructuring may be bound by the following principles or rules, although there are no explicit standards in Canada: a. Accounting entries must reflect the terms of the agreements made by debt and equity holders. . Conversions of debt to equity are made at book value. C. Debt forgiveness is recognized as a gain in earnings. 3. The debt and the assets would be removed from the books. A $1 50,000 gain on asset disposal and a $200,000 gain on debt restructure would be agonized to balance the entry. 4. In a comprehensive revaluation, all assets and liabilities are revalued to fair value, whether fair value is highe r or lower than book value. Retained earnings (if any) are reclassified; any debit balance of retained earnings is eliminated by reducing other equity accounts. Gains and losses go directly to retained earnings and by-pass earnings. Cases Case 15-1 Zebu Limited Overview Zebu Limited is a subsidiary of Holdings Limited, and complies with FIRS. The company has several transactions to complete for XX, and several financing options to consider for XX. The company must com ply with a current ratio and a total liabilities to tangible net worth ratio, as part of existing loan arrangements. There may be pressure to adopt accounting policies to achieve compliance; ethical behavior is important. Issues . Required adjustments 2. Statement of changes in equity 3. Covenant evaluation 4. Financing alternatives 5. Action re: covenant issues Analysis and conclusion 1. Required adjustments Retirement and conversion of the preferred shares and all stock option transactions are journalized in Exhibit 1 and revised draft SSP accounts are shown in Exhibit 2. These transactions are straight-forward and no reporting alternatives are available. The Zebu statement of changes in equity, in multi-column form, is shown in Exhibit 3. It is assumed that no dividends were declared during the year; if there were dividends, the earnings amount changes. Changes in retained earnings and accumulated OIC were entirely assumed to relate to comprehensive income for XX. Based on the xx revised financial statements in exhibit 2, the covenants are as follows: Covenant Limit Calculation (per exhibit 2) Rest It Current assets to current liabilities Not less than 0. 82 Total liabilities to tangible net worth Not greater than 1. 5:1 ($28,589 $5,500) 1 . 61 Zebu is out of line with the current ratio covenant, since 0. 82 is less than 1. They are also out of line on the total liabilities covenant, since 1 . 61 is greater than 1. 5. This situation must be addressed. Possible actions are explored in item 5, below. 4. Financing alternatives. The two financing alternatives are identical in terms of capital raised, term, and security. The alternatives are different in the following ways: 1 Alternative 1 has an interest cost of 4% while alternative 2 has an interest cost f 6%. This is a difference of SSL O million x 2% = $200,000 annually for ten year; assuming a tax rate of 40%, this is $1 20,000 of after-tax savings per year. 2. Alternative 1 allows the company to substitute shares for principal at maturity, eliminating $10 million of principal repayment at maturity if the company wishes. However, it also dilutes ownership, if this is an issue for existing shareholders. 3. Alternative 1 sets a share price of $20 per share for shares issued at maturity ($10 million/500,OHO shares). Based on the outstanding options, the companys share price seems to be in the range of 20; $30 options were allowed to lapse and new options were issued for $20. Therefore, the $20 used as a reference price in Alternative 1 seems to set the terms of the debt arrangement at current market prices. This must be attractive to investors, since the interest rate on Alternative 1 is lower than that for Alternative 2; Alternative 2 does not set a share price for conversion. 4. Alternative 1 would be accounted for as partially debt and partially equity while Alternative 2, since the share price is undetermined, is all debt. Alternative 1 would be split as follows: $10,000 Interest liability $7,025 Issuance price $200 PDP) 2,975 Equity component A discount rate of 3% has been used, looking at Alternative 2 with no equity component and a 6% rate (3% 6%/2).

Evolution of Management Accounting Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Evolution of Management Accounting - Term Paper Example Since then, there has been gradual development and implementation of changes in managerial approaches to match the new business requirements (Riahi-Belkaoui, 54). However, the business environment has been undergoing tremendous developments both in nature and scope over the last six decades (Bhimani, 76). This is due to emerging innovations and increase in operations as a result of globalization. Therefore, each business should be aware of its goals and develop strategies for accounting to achieve its goals of production more effectively and efficiently. As a result of 1980s innovations, there is an increase in competition for the businesses which requires a change in the way businesses use to make their financial reports and regulate their operations (Kaplan, 399). Due to poor stock market performances of 1920s, business directors started focusing on creating financial report as a financial reporting requirement at that time hence limiting the growth of management accounting strateg ies. As a result of emerging competitions among the world nations, Automobile manufactures of Japan forced Americans and European nations to establish broader view of business performance based on value and service as opposed to assessment based on efficiency of output (Kaplan, 394). The business performance has been undergoing a lot of changes aimed at improving their operations and increasing the managerial efficiency. The ancient strategies are inadequate to match the modern requirement for effective business operations (Riahi-Belkaoui123). This is because in the modern period business are focusing on cost reduction and profit maximization through technology and advancement. There is no room for errors in the current period since a slight defect could make... As a result of 1980s innovations, there is an increase in competition for the businesses which require a change in the way businesses use to make their financial reports and regulate their operations (Kaplan, 399). Due to poor stock market performances of the 1920s, business directors started focusing on creating the financial report as a financial reporting requirement at that time hence limiting the growth of management accounting strategies. As a result of emerging competitions among the world nations, Automobile manufacturers of Japan forced Americans and European nations to establish a broader view of business performance based on value and service as opposed to assessment based on an efficiency of output. The business performance has been undergoing a lot of changes aimed at improving their operations and increasing the managerial efficiency. The ancient strategies are inadequate to match the modern requirement for effective business operations. This is because in the modern pe riod business is focusing on cost reduction and profit maximization through technology and advancement. There is no room for errors in the current period since a slight defect could make the business to lose its entire operations to the competitors. Furthermore, businesses are focusing on minimization of the expenses through reduction of inventory. Therefore, businesses have to develop production strategies to ensure they meet daily client’s needs without surplus or deficit as a result of a deficiency of inputs.

The Challenges of Call Centre Restructuring Essay

The Challenges of Call Centre Restructuring - Essay Example Tengo Ltd., an online supplier of notebook computers, established a customer contact centre to deal with customer complaints and inquiries about the company’s products. Recently, the company decided to restructure because the HR director discovered that there is an overstaffing problem at the call centre. This decision has resulted in job losses. This essay analyses the wisdom of the restructuring of the call centre, taking into account the external factor of the labour market and job competition, as well as the components of change management, performance management, effective leadership, and employee motivation. Restructuring the Call Centre Companies are restructuring and job designs are being streamlined. The labour force and production processes have been restructured to cut down expenses, helping companies successfully reduce expenses in reaction to growing competition. The external labour market of call centres is in fact large, composed of a large pool of white-collar workers. The external labour market of call centres is global, national, and local (Butler, 2004, p. 168). Hence, restructuring of the call centre harms many employees. It is essential to be knowledgeable of the external labour market because of the differences in employee characteristics. Different work groups express different beliefs on career growth and motivation. For instance, white-collar employees have a tendency to expand their career outside the limits of a particular company (Liao, Martocchio, & Joshi, 2010, p. 94). This is what happened to Tengo Ltd. It suffered a high rate of turnover because its professionals in the customer department were not satisfied with their jobs anymore. The turnover is primarily caused by the restructuring. Corporate decisions to restructure or initiate change in its internal labour markets are strongly influenced by external labour markets. The external labour markets decide what arrangements of retention, expertise, and wage rate are appropr iate for an organisation (Sharma, 2006, p. 59). Companies, like Tengo Ltd., choose to restructure because they confronted new circumstances or external pressures. The HR director who found out the problem in retaining call centre workers with a profitable nearby call centre was certainly dealing with the new situations of the external labour market. Therefore, organisational processes are mainly determined by the relationship between managerial approach and external labour markets. External labour markets significantly restrict the capacity of strategy. As stated by a manager, â€Å"If you’re not going to be the highest-paying wage base in the area, you will have high turnover† (Kumar, 2010, p. 292). For example, Tengo Ltd, after restructuring, gives the best reward package to Level 3 employees. Hence, it experienced increase in labour turnover among Level 1 and Level 2 employees who handle customer complaints. In terms of job competition, call centres have replaced hu man labour with automated processes. Technology carries with it the possibility of new and easier ways of doing things, while carrying as well the ability to eliminate human labour and separate the worker from his/her fruits of labour. Tengo Ltd., through rationalisation, invested more in new automated computer system to improve response time and quality of customer service. However, along with this investment is an increase in labour turnover because the company tried to reduce its expenses in the training and development of new employees. However, the poor outcomes of the restructuring attempt of Tengo Ltd. cannot be entirely attributed to the external labour markets and job competition. Other factors are involved such as the psychological and sociological responses of employees to

Active Versus Passive Mind Debate Essay Example for Free

Active Versus Passive Mind Debate Essay Étienne Bonnot de Condillac an 18th-century French philosopher contended that the senses are the foundation for all ideas and other functions carried out in the mind. Another prominent French philosopher, Renà © Descartes supported the Rationalistic theory; an explanation of behavior based on logic that has nothing to do with the senses. Condillac’s Sensationalism premise and Descartes theory of Rationalism serve as fuel for the classic active versus passive mind debate. The passive mind theory suggests that all learning occurs through the experience of sensations, in the absence of voluntary mind control processes, while the active mind theory claims the exact opposite; that individuals actively focus certain mental processes on the subject matter and the senses play no part in the process. Descartes also believed that sensory data was inclined to be false and was therefore useless, suggesting that mathematical deduction was the only path to the truth. Justin Skirry 2008 I believe that both theories have some validity. The problem arises for me with the use of the word all by Condillac, and the use of the word only by Descartes, which is what takes the theories from the moderate part of the continuum to the extreme. Sensory learning is of course a proven fact, but it is also a fact that active learning occurs as well. It is not unusual for a philosopher to be both a sensationalist and a rationalist at the same time. I tend to trust my deductive powers of reasoning more than my senses, because many outside forces can alter the senses. Take emotion for instance, I am aware of the role unchecked emotions can play in faulty decision-making. I have learned not to make important decisions when I am in a highly emotional state.